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Gilani’s Gallopedia© Gallopedia From Gilani Research Foundation July
2020, Issue # 645* |
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Gilani’s Gallopedia is a weekly Digest of Opinions in a globalized world |
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This issue scores 51 out of 100 on Gilani-Gallopedia's Globality Index, showing coverage of world population, and 65 out of 100 on the world income (prosperity) Index. Click for Details |
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Contact Details: Asra
Malik Research Executive, Gallup Pakistan Email: asra@gallup.com.pk This WEEKLY REPORT consists of 23 national & multi country surveys 7 polling organizations have been represented. Pakistan(Health), India(Education), Saudi Arabia(Consumer Confidence), Lebanon(Well-Being) – 04 national
polls South Africa(Inflation) – 01 Germany(Elections), France(Environment), Denmark(Perceptions on Performance), Italy(Health), UK(Health, Inflation, Well-Being, Gender Issues) Canada (Entertainment) USA(National Image, Media, Elections, Environment, Immigration, Health), Australia(Health) – 16 national
polls |
YouGov – 06 Countries
(Employment
Issues),
Ipsos – 25
Countries(Inflation) Women pay more than
twice as much for haircuts Quasi
Census of a Small Universe Are Random Control Tests a Crucial Link Between Pharma Research
and Marketing Research? Polling methods are
changing, but reporting the views of Asian Americans remains a challenge |
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645-01 Gallup
Pakistan publishes four studies on
different aspects of COVID-19: Lockdown, Number of Cases, Household Spending
& Income (Click for Details)
July 03, 2020 4.11
Society » Health |
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645-02 Byju’s is the most
used e-learning app during the lockdown (Click for Details) (India) The
Coronavirus has delayed the academic calendar by months and replaced school
spaces by virtual classrooms. As states gear up to reopen schools amidst the
pandemic, YouGov’s latest survey reveals half of the parents (49%) are either
not very or not at all comfortable with sending their children back to
school. A quarter are ‘somewhat comfortable’ while another quarter, (26%) are
extremely or very comfortable with the return. Parents in East India are
especially concerned about their child’s return and more than two-thirds
(68%) stated their hesitation in sending them back to school (not very + not
at all comfortable). (YouGov) June 29, 2020 4.10
Society » Education |
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645-03 Amazon’s
rebrand campaign in Saudi creates
greatest uplift in Ad Awareness in June (Click for Details) (KSA) This
month, Amazon.sa is the brand which has achieved the largest rise in its Ad
Awareness in Saudi Arabia. The uplift coincides with Amazon and Souq announcing the launch of Amazon.sa mid-month.
Following the rebrand of Souq in the UAE to
Amazon.ae last year, the e-Commerce giant continues to grow the Amazon name
in the Middle East with the rebrand now taking place in Saudi Arabia: “Souq is now Amazon.sa”. The current digital adverts focus
on informing consumers of the new website “amazon.sa is here”, as well as
highlighting the brand’s offerings, such as wide product ranges and fast
shipping. Arabic language is also available on the website to enhance the
customer’s experience. (YouGov) July 07, 2020 3.2 Economy
» Consumer Confidence/Protection |
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645-04 Life Ratings Crashed Amid Lebanon's Meltdown (Click for Details) (Lebanon) Lebanese
adults' ratings of their lives dropped to a historic low in 2019 as hundreds
of thousands of protesters across the country -- initially angered by planned
taxes on WhatsApp -- demanded the complete overhaul of the country's
political system. Just 4% of Lebanese rated their lives positively enough to
be considered "thriving" -- the worst score in Gallup's record for
the country and one of the worst ratings in the world in 2019. Gallup
classifies people as "thriving," "struggling" or
"suffering" according to how they rate their current and future
lives on a ladder scale with steps numbered from zero to 10, based on the Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale. Those who rate
their current life a 7 or higher and their anticipated life in five years an
8 or higher are classified as thriving. (Gallup USA)
3.1 Economy » Perceptions
on Performance/ Well-Being |
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645-05 Cost of living: South Africans mostly worry about the increase in food prices
(Click
for Details) (South Africa) Three in five people (60%)
in an online poll of nearly 18,000 people conducted from May 22 to June 5 say
costs have increased somewhat or a lot, with those in Argentina, South Africa
and Mexico (81%), Turkey (80%) and Chile and Belgium (79%) are at the top of
the list of countries experiencing increases. In South Africa, women are more
worried about this issue than men, with 84% of women and 77% of men saying
that the overall cost of necessities have increased over the last few months.
When looking at the different age groups, older people are more keenly
feeling these cost increases, with 87% of those 50 years and older, 83% of
those 35 - 49 years old and 76% of those 18 - 34 years old saying that costs
have increased a lot or somewhat. (Ipsos) July 03, 2020 3.4 Economy
» Inflation |
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645-06 Germans are currently predicting Joe Biden's victory in the US presidential
election (Click for Details) (Germany) When asked German citizens about the outcome
of the US presidential election in autumn 2020, in June 2020 32 percent
estimated that Democratic Party candidate Joe Biden would win the election.
That is 8 percentage points more than in May 2020. A victory by incumbent US
President Donald Trump in June assumed 17 percent. This fell by 4 percentage
points compared to the previous month. A recent YouGov survey found that
among eligible Germans. (YouGov) July 01, 2020 1.1 Domestic
Politics » Elections |
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645-07 Citizen's Climate Convention - what do the French think? (Click for Details)
July 02, 2020 4.14 Society
» Environment/ Disasters |
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645-08 Danes'
consumption is rising again (Click for Details) (Denmark) But it is still lower than before the corona
pandemic. It shows YouGov's global COVID-19 tracking study that examines
changes in consumer wishes, shopping habits and lifestyle on a weekly basis.
YouGov's COVID-19 tracker illustrates, among other things, the extent to
which Danes' purchases in physical stores and online change week after week.
The Corona pandemic has made the Danes better hold on to the money, but the
tracker also shows that they have loosened the grip a little lately. (YouGov) June 29, 2020 3.1 Economy
» Perceptions on Performance/ Well-Being |
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645-09 Security measures for summer holidays (Click for
Details)
(Italy) With 80% of Italians intending to go on vacation this summer and among
them, most of them by the sea , we asked what tourism workers (such as
managers of beaches, hotels and means of transport) expect to do for make
your customers feel safer. In general,
hygiene rules and distance between people are the main measures required.
Airlines and railways are asked to sanitize everything with specific products
(3 out of 4 people). According to 2 out of 3 people, passengers must be able
to sit alternately in such a way as to maintain distances, in addition
passengers must wear a mask and must maintain the distance even before
boarding the means of transport. Putting a hand sanitizer dispenser also
seems to be a measure. (YouGov) June 29, 2020 4.11 Society » Health |
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645-10 Coronavirus: Up to a third of Britons
'wouldn't use a vaccine for COVID-19' (Click
for Details)
July 07, 2020 4.11 Society » Health |
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645-11 Three in five Britons say the cost
of living has increased since the start of the coronavirus crisis (Click for Details)
(UK)
Groceries
and household items, utility bills top list of higher cost items globally as
a result of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. In a new global survey by
Ipsos, 62% of Britons say they have seen the cost of food, goods and services
increase since the coronavirus outbreak. A third say costs have stayed the
same while 6% have seen a decrease. This is largely in line with the global
average; 60% in 26 countries around the world have seen an increase in the
cost of living. This is despite half (51%) of Britons feeling their travel
costs have decreased since the start of the crisis with only 6% seeing an
increase (more than the global average, where roughly a third (36%) have seen
a fall in transportation costs). (Ipsos
MORI) June 29, 2020 3.4 Economy »
Inflation |
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645-12 COVID-19 economic crisis hits
those already struggling hardest of all (Click for Details)
(UK)
Brits
who were already struggling to keep up with bills have taken a big blow from
the coronavirus crisis, with one in six (16%) defaulting on all regular
payments – but others are better off than ever. On the surface many Britons’
finances have improved during lockdown; with shops, cafes and bars shut it’s
hard for some to spend disposable income. The number of people who can keep
up with their bills and credit commitments actually increased to 60% in May,
up from 47% in February. Meanwhile, the proportion who struggle from time to
time dropped by eight points, and those who consistently battle to keep up
with bills - the financially distressed - fell by five points. These are the
lowest figures we have recorded. (YouGov) June 30, 2020 3.1 Economy » Perceptions on Performance/ Well-Being |
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645-13 Women pay more than twice as
much for haircuts (Click for Details)
July 03, 2020 4.5 Society » Gender Issues (Top)
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645-14 Longing for the Road, 4 in 10
(40%) Canadians Plan to Take a Summer Road Trip (Click for Details)
(Canada)
The
current pandemic has undoubtedly changed many aspects of our everyday lives,
including how we get around and where we go on vacation. After being in
self-isolation for so many months, how will Canadians look to escape cabin
fever? A poll by Ipsos carried out on behalf of Toyota Canada has found that
while many Canadians are still hesitant about travelling by air for vacation,
they are instead keeping the great Canadian road trip alive by sticking close
to home and discovering the beauty and wonder of nearby areas. This summer,
Canadians will be swapping their plans for wine-tasting in Italy or beachside
cocktails in Mexico for fireside chats at secluded chalet, and it just may be
what is needed at this time. (Ipsos) June 29, 2020 4.16 Society » Entertainment |
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645-15 American patriotism
falls to lowest point in two decades,
poll finds (Click for Details)
(USA)
American
patriotism is at its lowest ebb for almost two decades, a new poll has found.
A survey by Gallup found that while 70 per cent of US adults said they are
“proud” to be American, less than half said that they are “extremely proud”.
The findings were released ahead of the Fourth of July national holiday amid
the country’s struggle to rein in the coronavirus pandemic, and calls for
racial justice and an end to policy brutality in Black Lives Matter protests
in every state. Gallup said that US pride is at its lowest point since the
company began taking polls on it in 2001. It is the second year that the
number of “extremely proud” people dropped below the majority (45 per cent).
July 05, 2020 (Independent) 1.5 Domestic
Politics » National Image/ Trust |
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645-16 Local news is playing an important
role for Americans during COVID-19 outbreak (Click for Details)
July 02, 2020 4.6 Society » Media/ New Media |
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645-17 White evangelical approval of Trump slips, but eight-in-ten say they
would vote for him (Click for Details)
(USA)
Amid
rising coronavirus cases and widespread protests over racial injustice,
President Donald Trump’s approval rating has dropped among a wide range of
religious groups, including white evangelical Protestants – though they
remain strongly supportive. Roughly seven-in-ten white evangelical
Protestants (72%) say they approve of the way Trump is handling his job,
according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted June 16 to 22. That is a
6 percentage point drop from 78% recorded in April, in line with the 5-point
drop during that period among U.S. adults overall. The share of white
evangelicals who say they “very strongly” approve of Trump’s performance is
now at 59%, down 8 points from 67% in April. (PEW) July 02, 2020 1.1 Domestic Politics » Elections |
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645-18 Most Americans say climate change affects their local community, including 70% living near
coast (Click for Details)
(USA) More
than six-in-ten Americans (63%) say climate change is currently affecting
their local community either a great deal or some, according to a Pew
Research Center survey conducted April 29-May 5, 2020 – similar to the share
who said this in surveys from 2019 and 2018. As is the case on many
climate-related issues, perceptions of whether and how much climate change is
affecting local communities are closely tied with political party
affiliation. More than eight-in-ten Democrats and independents who lean to
the Democratic Party (83%) say climate change is affecting their local
community at least some, compared with 37% of Republicans and Republican leaners. (PEW) June 29, 2020 4.14 Society » Environment/ Disasters |
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645-19 Americans Want More, Not Less, Immigration for First Time (Click for Details)
July 01, 2020 4.8 Society » Immigration/Refugees |
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645-20 U.S. Concern About Hospital Care Heading Back Up (Click for Details)
(USA) Americans'
concerns about the availability of coronavirus tests and hospital supplies
and services had leveled off in June after steady declines from mid-April
through early May. But last week, June 22-28, as COVID-19 cases are spiking
across much of the country, concern about both healthcare issues increased. Forty-four
percent of Americans are now very or moderately worried about the
availability of hospital supplies, services and treatment in their local
area, up 10 points from the prior week. At the same time, concern about the
availability of coronavirus tests in their local area is up six points to
39%. (Gallup USA) July 01, 2020 4.11 Society » Health (Top)
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645-21 Women dominate Australia’s
vitamins, minerals & supplements market (Click for Details)
(Australia) Women comprise the bulk of Australia’s vitamins, minerals or
supplements market, with 4.88 million women (46%) buying these products
compared to only 3.36 million men (33%). These trends hold up for women and
men of all ages but are most pronounced for Australians aged 25 and over. The
peak buying age for vitamins, minerals or supplements is 35-64. At least 50%
of women aged 35-49 or 50-64, and around 40% of men in both age groups,
purchase these goods. In fact, men aged 35-49 are the only age group of men more
likely to buy vitamins, minerals or supplements than the average population. (Roy Morgan) June 30, 2020 4.11 Society » Health |
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645-22 Singaporeans least likely in ASEAN to return to office soon (Click for Details)
July 09, 2020 3.3 Economy
» Employment Issues |
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645-23 Cost
of living: Majority say cost of food,
goods and services have increased since COVID-19 began (Click for
Details) Three in five
people (60%) in a poll of nearly 18,000 conducted from May 22 to June 5 say
costs have increased somewhat or a lot with those in Argentina, South Africa
and Mexico (81%), Turkey (80%), Chile and Belgium (79%) at the top of the
list. On the other end, more than a quarter of people in Hungary (27%) and
South Korea (26%) say costs have decreased somewhat or a lot since the
outbreak began, followed by Japan and Russia (21%). Meanwhile, almost a third
of people in all countries (29%) say costs have stayed the same with a
majority agreeing with this in Sweden (53%), where restrictive lockdown
measures were not implemented. Almost half of people in the Netherlands and
Japan (49%) and South Korea (48%) also agree. (Ipsos Global) July 02, 2020 3.4 Economy » Inflation |
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With hairdressers and barbers due to reopen tomorrow
after three long months, scruffy-looking Brits across the land will be
beating a path to their door for a much needed chop. The results of a
YouGov RealTime survey, conducted earlier in the
year but rendered temporarily redundant by the coronavirus, uncovers
quite how much more women will be having to pay to get their hair lopped off
than men. That women are paying more for their haircuts than
men will not be a massive revelation to many, but a BBC article revealed that women who want their
hair cut in the same style as men are being charged much more for the same
service. Some who have attempted to make savings by going to male barbers
have even been turned away. Men are most likely to be paying between £10 and
14.99 for their hair cut, with 40% saying this was the case. A further 29%
pay between £5 and £9.99 and another 15% spend from £15 to £19.99.
The amount women are paying is much more dispersed,
as can be seen from the chart. The most common range is £20 to £24.99, but
only 13% pay this much – similar proportions pay in each of the categories
from £10 to £14.99 and between £30 and £34.99. What is clear is that women tend to be paying more
than men for their haircuts. While only 15% of men are paying £15 or more for
their haircut, more than three quarters (78%) of women do so. In fact, the average among men who pay for a haircut
is £12.17, while for women it is £31.99. It is clear that men wouldn’t stand for the prices
women pay either. While 39% of men might be willing to push their haircut
budget to £15 or above, just 21% would pay £20 or more and a mere would pay
£25 or more. Meanwhile, the majority of women (56%) would be
willing to pay £30 or more at a maximum. In fact, a quarter (24%) would
stretch to £50 or more for a chop. In both cases it seems that the genders are paying
close to what they are willing to pay. Looking at the average maximum figure
for each group in both cases they are just a few pounds higher than what they
are currently paying: £14.13 for men (£1.96 higher than the current average)
and £37.49 for women (£5.50 higher). While women tend to get their hair cut less
frequently, this is still not enough to offset the difference in prices paid.
Taking into account how often people go to the hairdressers, we calculated
that on average women are paying £135 a year on haircuts – almost twice the
£70 that men pay on average. (Please note these figures are among those who pay
to get their hair cut only – if it were expanded to include all men and women
this would make the difference even more stark, as men are more likely to
never pay to get their hair cut). (YouGov) July 03, 2020 Source: https://yougov.co.uk/topics/lifestyle/articles-reports/2020/07/03/women-pay-more-twice-much-haircuts |
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QUASI CENSUS OF A SMALL
UNIVERSE: We are venturing to include this item in the section because the survey data can be classified as a quasi-census
of a universe (albeit very small yet an entire universe) of vaccine
researchers. Comments from colleagues and readers on whether this is appropriate to
include it here will be greatly appreciated. Coronavirus vaccine tracker: How close are we to a vaccine? More than 140 teams of researchers are racing to develop a safe and
effective coronavirus vaccine.
Researchers around the world are racing to develop a vaccine against
Covid-19, with more than 140 candidate vaccines now tracked by the World Health Organization (WHO). Vaccines normally require years of testing and additional time to
produce at scale, but scientists are hoping to develop a coronavirus vaccine
within 12 to 18 months. Vaccines mimic the virus – or part of the virus – they protect against,
stimulating the immune system to develop antibodies. They must follow higher
safety standards than other drugs because they are given to millions of
healthy people. How are vaccines tested? In the pre-clinical stage of
testing, researchers give the vaccine to animals to see if it triggers an
immune response. In phase 1 of
clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to
determine whether it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it
provokes. In phase 2, the
vaccine is given to hundreds of people so scientists can learn more about its
safety and correct dosage. In phase 3, the
vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety – including rare
side effects – and effectiveness. These trials involve a control group which
is given a placebo.
University of Oxford/AstraZeneca The University of Oxford vaccine is delivered via a chimpanzee virus,
called the vaccine vector. The vector contains the genetic code of the
protein spikes found on the coronavirus and triggers a strong immune response
in the human body. The vaccine is in a combined phase 2/3 trial in the UK
and has recently gone into phase 3 trials in South
Africa and Brazil.
CanSino Biologics Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology The vaccine developed by Chinese company CanSino
Biologics and the Beijing Institute of Biotechnology – a university close to
the Chinese military – reportedly showed promising results in phase 2
testing, although no data from the trial has been published. In a world
first, the vaccine has now been approved for military use, but it is unclear how
broadly it will be distributed.
Moderna/NIAID American biotech company Moderna is
developing a vaccine candidate using messenger RNA (or mRNA for short) to
trick the body into producing viral proteins itself. No mRNA vaccine has ever
been approved for an infectious disease, and Moderna has never brought a product to market. But proponents of the vaccine say it could be easier to mass produce
than traditional vaccines.
Inovio Pharmaceuticals/ International Vaccine Institute
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm
Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm
Sinovac
Novavax
BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of
Medical Sciences
Genexine Consortium
Gamaleya Research Institute
Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax
Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/ Institute of Microbiology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Vaxine Pty Ltd/Medytox
Imperial College London
Curevac
People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military
Sciences/Walvax Biotech.
University of Melbourne/Murdoch Children’s Research
Institute The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute in Australia is conducting a
phase 3 trial using a nearly 100-year-old tuberculosis vaccine. The vaccine
is not thought to protect directly against Covid-19 but might boost the
body’s non-specific immune response.
(The Guardian) July 02,2020 |
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u This Section includes significant reports on
different methods used by polling organizations. |
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ARE RANDOM
CONTROL TESTS(RCTs) ACRUCIAL LINK BETWEEN PHARMA
RESEARCH AND MARKETING RESEARCH PROFESSION? In presenting the following piece in this week's Gilani-Gallopedia, we wish to prompt a discussion on
whether Medical and Pharma research
are one of the most important and possibly the earliest and the single
largest user of RCTs and whether our two industries are in good communication
with each other on these matters. Sanofi,
GlaxoSmithKline near $625M COVID-19 vaccine supply deal with U.K. government:
report As COVID-19 vaccines near final stages of testing, governments are also
racing against each other, busy securing supply for their own countries even
before key efficacy data readouts. After signing on AstraZeneca and partner Oxford University for 100
million doses of their COVID-19 vaccine candidate, the U.K. government is
nearing a £500 million ($625 million) deal with GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi to
buy 60 million doses of their investigative shot if it later proves
successful, The Sunday Times reported. The deal, the first for the vaccine, is expected to be announced in the
coming days, the British newspaper said, citing people familiar with the
matter. Sanofi and GSK joined forces in April. For their candidate, Sanofi is
contributing S-protein COVID-19 antigen based on its recombinant DNA
technology that’s also used in its seasonal flu vaccine Flublok,
and GSK is offering its vaccine booster AS03. The U.K. government is clearly eager to pre-empt supply, as initiation
of first-in-human clinical trials of the Sanofi-GSK vaccine isn’t expected
until September. Securing stock at this early stage reflects its fear of
being excluded given that the island nation is reliant on imports of most
vaccines, including those for seasonal flu. “The government has anticipated
this and is pre-ordering COVID-19 vaccines,” a source told The Sunday Times. It’s also likely rattled by Sanofi CEO Paul Hudson’s earlier comment
that the U.S. would be given first access to the vaccine in return for its
financial support. That statement was soon backtracked by Sanofi Chairman Serge Weinberg after backlash from France. Prior to the upcoming Sanofi-GSK deal, the British government ordered
100 million doses of another potential COVID-19 vaccine, dubbed AZD1222,
from a collaboration between AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford. A phase 2/3 study of AZ’s adenovirus-based shot kicked off late May, though phase 1 data remain under wraps. In addition to
its home country, AZ has also won backing from the U.S. HHS’ Biomedical
Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) with a $1.2 billion deal that entails delivery of about 300 million vaccine doses
starting this fall. A few days ago, the drugmaker penned another
deal valued at $127 million to produce 30 million doses of AZD1222 for
Brazil. Besides the two European
candidates, U.S. drugmakers Moderna,
Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co. and Pfizer—which is working with
German firm BioNTech—are also working on their
COVID-19 vaccines backed by the Trump administration’s Operation Warp
Speed. (Fierce
Pharma) July 06, 2020 |
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Polling methods are changing, but reporting the views of Asian
Americans remains a challenge Public opinion
pollsters in the United States survey adults of every racial and ethnic
group. Historically, though, while the attitudes of white, Hispanic and Black
adults are readily reported, those of Asian Americans are not. That raises a
question: If Asian Americans are part of the survey sample, why don’t
analysts report their views in the same way? The answer, at
least partly, comes down to math. Asian
Americans make up 5.9% percent of the U.S. adult population. That means that a perfectly representative
national survey of 1,000 adults would include 59 Asian Americans – far too
few to support reliable estimates. Pew Research Center is committed to
surveying people of all demographic
backgrounds, but we only feel comfortable reporting the views of Asian
Americans and other smaller groups when we are confident that the data paints
an accurate picture. Consider a
hypothetical poll of 1,000 adults, in which half of the surveyed Asian
Americans favor a particular policy. In this theoretical survey, the margin
of sampling error for Asian Americans would be at least 13 percentage points,
which means the actual figure might be as low as 37% or as high as 63%. This
result is simply too imprecise to report with confidence. Fortunately,
an important development in survey research – the migration of polling from
the phone to the internet – is making it more feasible for some
pollsters, including Pew Research Center, to publish estimates for Asian
Americans. This trend won’t change the industry overnight, but it is already
leading to a small uptick in the publication of Asian American estimates. As more polls
are done online, they are sampling from large groups of respondents, or
“survey panels.” When working with a large panel, researchers can have access
to reliable sample sizes for less populous groups, including Asian Americans.
Pew Research Center and other organizations with large national panels are
currently able to release estimates for Asian Americans in at least some of
their surveys. While this
data stands to increase the visibility of Asian Americans in polling, there
is an important caveat: Typically, Asian American estimates from online
survey panels are based just on English (or Spanish) speakers. Those who
speak any of the dozens of common Asian languages and are not proficient in English
or Spanish generally cannot participate. That matters because
English-speaking Asian Americans differ in important ways from those who
don’t speak English, including in their income and education levels and their
views on social issues. The infusion
of new online survey data is clearly an improvement on the past, when Asian
American figures were virtually nonexistent in public opinion surveys of U.S.
adults. But these estimates still offer a limited view of the entire Asian
American population. The analysis below looks in greater detail at recent
developments – and ongoing challenges – in surveying Asian Americans. A major shift
in how some pollsters recruit respondents The chronic
problem of having too few Asian American respondents stems from a period when
pollsters surveyed a fresh sample of Americans with each new poll. A pollster
might interview 1,000 people one month, for example, and a different 1,000
people the next month. That approach, known as cross-sectional sampling, was
common in telephone polling from roughly 1980 to 2010. Cross-sectional
samples are generally representative of the population, but one clear downside is that they make
it difficult for analysts to report the views of smaller subgroups with
accuracy (even though members of these groups are included in the overall survey results). The recent
increase in online survey work has helped address this problem, at least to
an extent, by polling much larger groups of people and doing so more than
once. At Pew
Research Center, we randomly recruit respondents offline and give them
instructions for taking our surveys online (as some other pollsters do, too)
through our American Trends Panel. This offline recruitment – centered around
sampling home addresses and sending mailings with a small amount of money
inside to incentivize participation – is time- and resource-intensive. As a
result, we ask each participant to take multiple surveys, not just one. This
approach, called a survey panel, is gradually supplanting many
cross-sectional surveys throughout the industry. It also has a clear benefit
when it comes to polling Asian Americans: By building the size of our panel
over time, we can add more Asian American respondents without having to start
from scratch with each survey. Not all survey
panels are recruited offline. In fact, most are recruited with inexpensive
convenience samples of internet users. That has implications for data quality, but the basic principle of a panel is the
same – recruit a large number of people to take surveys on an ongoing basis
(for example, one per month for several years). Some surveys
are reporting Asian American estimates One upshot of
the rise in survey panels is that many of them are large enough to include
hundreds or even thousands of Asian American adults. Our American Trends
Panel, for instance, has roughly 15,000 U.S. adults, about 400 of whom
self-identify as Asian American. Many of our
surveys interview only a random fraction of these panelists (e.g., 2,500
interviews). In these cases, the Asian American sample is too small to
support reliable estimates. But when feasible, we attempt to interview nearly
every member of the panel, making it possible to report reliable estimates
for Asian adults. This new Pew Research Center report is an example of one such survey, and
we plan to release more in the future. Other polling
organizations also sometimes report the views of Asian Americans. The
Understanding America Study at the University of Southern California (USC)
contains about 8,500 U.S. households. A number of its reports contain a sufficient Asian American sample
size to report estimates. Additional panels that have supported surveys
producing Asian American estimates include Rand’s American Life Panel, NORC’s AmeriSpeak
Panel and the Ipsos KnowledgePanel.
In all cases, estimates reported are for English-speaking Asian American
adults. Still, this
practice is far from universal. A typical poll (say, one based on 1,000 to
2,500 interviews) doesn’t include enough Asian Americans to report reliable
data about their views. The only context in which that is common is
state-level polling in California, where 16% of residents are Asian American.
In that state, pollsters like the Public Policy Institute of California routinely
publish reliable Asian American estimates. Outside of the
polling industry, a number of scholars have long used surveys to study Asian
Americans. Perhaps the best-known source for such data is AAPIData.com, which features demographic data and policy research on Asian
Americans and Pacific Islanders. In order to efficiently reach Asian
Americans, that line of research has typically leveraged list-based samples,
which identify potential Asian American respondents based on several
characteristics. Language and
other diversity among Asian Americans Panel surveys
like those at USC or Pew Research Center are typically administered in
English and Spanish. That works well for estimates for all U.S. adults, as 99% of U.S.
adults speak one or both of those languages well enough to complete a survey.
For Asian Americans, however, such surveys are limiting. Asian Americans are
a heavily immigrant community: More than three-quarters of Asian American
adults were born in another country, and about a third (32%) do not speak
English “very well,” according to self-reported data collected in the Census
Bureau’s American Community Survey. Importantly,
those who speak only Asian languages differ from their English-speaking
counterparts in several ways. Non-English-speaking Asian Americans tend to be
less wealthy, more socially conservative and have less formal education than
those who do speak English. (We know this from past research: For example, a
large custom survey of 3,511 Asian Americans conducted for
the Center in 2012 found that 60% of those interviewed in English said
abortion should be legal in most or all cases, compared with 35% of those
interviewed in one of the seven Asian languages offered: Cantonese, Hindi,
Japanese, Korean, Mandarin, Tagalog and Vietnamese.) These differences can
have implications for survey research. For example, it may be problematic to
rely on an English-speaking sample of Asian Americans in a survey that
addresses a subject like religious orthodoxy or the immigrant experience. But the
diversity of Asian Americans extends beyond language. They also hail from
many different cultural and ethnic backgrounds across the vast continent of
Asia. This diversity, too, has implications when it comes to survey work.
Overall, the increasing use of online panels makes
it more feasible for some polling organizations to report Asian American
estimates, but a number of caveats clearly remain. It’s important for poll
consumers to bear in mind that the picture they might be seeing of Asian
Americans is an incomplete one. (PEW) July 02, 2020 |
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u The
purpose of this index is to treat the Global Coverage by each issue of Gallopedia in terms of Population, National Income and
estimated Power measured by G20 Membership. |
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GILANI-GALLOPEDIA
GLOBALITY INDEX These indices are being
presented on a trial basis. For details on how we computed them, please see
an appendix on methodology in the next issue. We would greatly welcome
comments and advice from professional colleagues.
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Disclaimer: Gilani’s Gallopedia
is a not for profit activity and every effort has been made to give
attribution to respective polling organizations. All material presented here
is available elsewhere as public information. Readers may please visit the
original source for further details. Gilani Research foundation does not bear
any responsibility for accuracy of data or the methods and does not claim any
proprietary rights benefits or responsibilities thereof. *Archives: Gilani’s Gallopedia has
been compiled on a weekly basis since January 2007. Previous material is
available upon request. Please contact asra@gallup.com.pk |
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