Gilani’s Gallopedia©

 Gallopedia

From Gilani Research Foundation   December 2022, Issue # 773*

Compiled on a weekly basis since January 2007

Gilani’s Gallopedia is a weekly Digest of Opinions in a globalized world

This issue scores 80 out of 100 on Gilani-Gallopedia's Globality Index, showing coverage of world population, and 88 out of 100 on the world income (prosperity) Index. Click for Details

Contact Details: Natasha Amir

Research Executive, Gallup Pakistan

Email: natasha@galluppakistan.com

This WEEKLY REPORT consists of 21 national & multi-country surveys 10 polling organizations have been represented.

Asia And MENA:

Japan (Lifestyle ), Turkey (Inflation), Pakistan (Education) – 03 national polls

Africa:

Nigeria (International Human Rights)  01 national polls

Euro Americas:

UK(Inflation, Employment Issues, Inflation, Entertainment,), Russia (Well-Being), Netherlands (Inflation), France (Social Problems), Germany( Science & Technology, Lifestyle), USA ( Environment, Health, Media), Canada ( Consumer Confidence), Australia(Consumer Confidence ) 14 national polls

 

Multi-Country Studies:

YouGov Germany – 7 Countries (Inflation)

Afrobarometer – 34 Countries (IT & Telecom)

Ipsos USA – 36 Countries (Inflation)

Topic of the Week:

Economic Hardship Compels Europeans To Change Lifestyle

Gilani-Gallopedia Globality Index

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

      ASIA AND MENA Regions

773-01 12 Percent Of Japanese People Say They Cook To Relax (Click for Details)

(Japan) Despite Japan’s reputation for good although sometimes quirky food, an online survey suggests Japanese are not overly fond of cooking compared with people in other countries. A Tokyo-based consulting firm, has been conducting surveys on diet and well-being in six countries since 2019. Respondents were allowed to give multiple answers about what they enjoy about cooking. “Selecting ingredients at stores” and “being complimented for great cooking” were cited by the largest portion of respondents in Japan at 21 percent each, although 21 percent also said, “they don't cook.”

(Asahi Shimbun)

December 13, 2022

4.7 Society » Lifestyle

(Top)

773-02 High Inflation Is Moving Households Away From Buying More Diverse, Different Products (Click for Details)

(Turkey) In the first 10 months of 2022, the number of different products purchased by households decreased for the first time. The number of purchases of different products, which has always been on the rise in the past years, declined for the first time. This shows that the variety of products in households is decreasing.

(Ipsos Turkey)

16 December 2022

3.4 Economy » Inflation

(Top)

773-03 Between 2011 To 2022, There Has Been A 61% Increase In The Numbers Of Doctors As Compared To A 135% Increase In The Number Of Dentists In The Country (Click for Details)

(Pakistan) The number of health institutions in Pakistan increased by 10% from 2011 to 2020 2) Almost 37% increase in the number of beds was seen in health institutions from 2011 to 2020 3) 61% increase in the number of doctors as compared to 135% increase the number of dentists in the country from 2011 to 2020 4) 69% increase in lady health visitors, 50% increase in the number of nurses and 40% increase in the number of midwives was seen in the previous decade.

(Gallup Pakistan)

December 16, 2022

4.10 Society » Education

(Top)

                    AFRICA Regions

773-04 Government Officials And The Police Remain The Most Violators Of Human Rights In Nigeria (Click for Details)

  (Nigeria) A new public opinion poll conducted by NOIPolls has revealed that Government officials (30 percent) and the Police (26 percent) are the main violators of human rights in Nigeria as disclosed by Nigerians whose rights have been violated in the past. Sadly, it is worth noting that the institutions and government agencies established to protect and defend its citizenry are the ones primarily indicted for human rights violations in the country. More findings from the poll also revealed that issues of human rights violation are prevalent in Nigeria as disclosed by 88 percent of respondents interviewed. Regarding violation, 31 percent of adult Nigerians nationwide claimed their human rights have been violated in the past.

(NOI Polls)

December 15, 2022

2.9 Foreign Affairs & Security » International Human Rights

(Top)

             EURO-AMERICA Regions

*      EUROPE

773-05 Six In Ten Are Reducing Their Heating Usage, Despite Recent Cold Weather (Click for Details)

(UK) With temperatures dropping in many parts of the UK over the past week, YouGov has looked into ways people are attempting to reduce their energy costs by cutting back on heating usage. Similarly to when we asked in October, three quarters (73%) of the public are cutting back on the amount of gas and electric they use at home, with six in ten (63%) reducing their heating usage specifically.  When looking specifically at those who are ‘struggling financially’ – Britons who describe themselves as struggling, or unable, to afford their everyday costs – the share of people cutting back on heating usage rises to eight in ten (79%).

(YouGov UK)

December 14, 2022

3.4 Economy » Inflation

(Top)

773-06 Support For Nurse Strikes Falls – Though Still Outweighs Opposition – As Half Say The Pay Rise They’re Asking For Is Too High (Click for Details)

  (UK) As thousands of nurses strike for the first time, new Ipsos polling shows support for the strikes has fallen in the past month. When the strikes were first announced in November, three in five Britons supported the action (59%), now half support it (50%). The proportion of those in opposition to the strikes has risen from 24% last month to 34% now.  Opinions are similar when it comes to ambulance workers, including paramedics, call handlers and emergency care assistants. Just under half of those living in England and Wales (47%) support the strike action while 37% oppose it.

(Ipsos MORI)

15 December 2022

3.3 Economy » Employment Issues

(Top)

773-07 Most Britons Have A Negative Economic Outlook For The Country Amid The Rising Cost Of Living (Click for Details)

(UK) The latest YouGov data suggests that the Prime Minister and Chancellor still have a lot of work to do to convince the public that they have a grip on the economy and the rising cost of living - 85% of Britons describe the economy as being in a bad state currently, while 8 in 10 (78%) say the government is doing a poor job of managing the cost of living. Following Jeremy Hunt’s budget announcements in November, people remain overwhelmingly negative about the country’s economic prospects, with 7 in 10 (68%) expecting the economy to get worse over the next 12 months. Even amongst Conservative voters the picture is bleak – most (58%) of this group expect the economy to get worse.

(YouGov UK)

December 15, 2022

3.4 Economy » Inflation

(Top)

773-08 Two-Thirds Of Britons Who Celebrate Christmas Will Have An Artificial Tree This Year (Click for Details)

 Two-thirds of Britons who celebrate Christmas will have an artificial tree  this year | YouGov (UK) With the festive season well under way, a new YouGov survey has revealed that just 15% of Britons who celebrate Christmas will buy a real tree this year. Six in ten (60%) say they will use an artificial tree they already own, while 7% plan to buy an artificial tree this year. Britons aged 18 to 24 are most likely to be celebrating with a real Christmas tree, at 25% compared to 9% of the over-65s. When considering manufacturing, materials, packaging and transport, a six-and-a-half-foot artificial tree has a carbon footprint equivalent to about 40kg of greenhouse gas emissions.

(YouGov UK)

December 16, 2022

4.16 Society » Entertainment

(Top)

773-09 Spending Of Russians In November Increased (Click for Details)

(Russia) According to the results of a study based on the Romir Unified Data Panel**, in November 2022, the index of everyday nominal (without adjusting for inflation) expenses of Russians amounted to 235%, which is 10 percentage points (4.4%) more than in October. In annual dynamics, the index increased by 24 percentage points (11.4%). The growth of household spending is largely due to an increase in the frequency of purchases. Real expenditures increased by 4 percentage points (3.7%) compared to the previous month, but lower by 11 percentage points (0.9%) than in November last year.

(Romir)

16 December 2022

3.1 Economy » Well-Being

(Top)

773-10 1 In 3 Dutch People Cut Back On Groceries (Click for Details)

Nederland bezuinigt op boodschappen, voorkeur voor huismerken en goedkope basisproducten neemt toe (Netherlands) More than 1 in 3 Dutch people cut back on groceries. We especially find offers interesting. We also switch from A-brand to private label and to cheap basic products to save money. A positive side effect of budget cuts is that we leave sweets and cakes more often. All this yields money and a good feeling. The rising prices of groceries and other fixed costs areputting the Dutch in their pockets. The reaction to this is visible: the Dutch consumer keeps his hand on the cut.

(Motivaction Insights and Strategy)

12 December 2022

3.4 Economy » Inflation

(Top)

773-11 More Than 4 Out Of 10 French People Have Been Victims Of Cyberviolence (Click for Details)

  (France) The data collected from victims of cyberviolence point to a health and social emergency. As pointed out in the association's previous national survey, this violence is widespread: more than 4 out of 10 French people who say they have been victims of cyberviolence. They mainly target the most vulnerable or discriminated against people and the phenomenon particularly affects 18-24 year olds, who are 87% to have suffered from it, LGBTQI+ people (85%), racialized people (71%) and women under 35 (65%).

(Ipsos France)

December 15, 2022

4.13 Society » Social Problems

(Top)

773-12 German E-Car Market Is Growing (Click for Details)

(Germany) The German electric car market continues to grow steadily despite inflation and the turbulent global political situation. Including September 2022, 556,000 electric vehicles (BEV, PHEV) were sold in Germany and the potential for further EV market growth is there: Compared to the previous year, the number of those considering an electric car for their next car increased from 28 to 33 percent. 34 percent of this target group currently owns more than one car and one in three BEV buyers (29 percent) believes that environmental policy should be completely preventive.

(YouGov Germany)

December 13, 2022

3.11 Economy » Science & Technology

(Top)

773-13 Good Intentions: More Than Half Of Germans Want To Change Body Weight (Click for Details)

(Germany) Half of Germans are losing weight (50 percent), so they want to lose body weight. Decreasing are predominantly women (57 percent) and people who live in relationships (57 percent vs. 52 percent of the total population). More than half of this group (51 percent) eat frequently out of boredom (vs. 42 percent). Losing weight people spend a lot of time on social media, most often on Facebook (62 percent) and Instagram and YouTube (42 percent each). 57 percent of people losing weight want to lose weight because they don't feel comfortable in their bodies.

(YouGov Germany)

December 15, 2022

4.7 Society » Lifestyle

(Top)

*      NORTH AMERICA

773-14 Americans Don’t Have A Clear Idea Of Which Of Their Actions Have The Strongest Impact On Climate Change (Click for Details)

Climate Change Facts & FAQs | The Nature Conservancy  (USA) Majorities of Democrats feel that most of the actions tested can have a large or moderate effect on reducing greenhouse gas emissions for a single person. Changing diets—either by eating vegetarian, vegan, or organic foods—is the one place where fewer than half of Democrats feel that there would be a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The public's perceptions here don't match with outside research, which suggests changes to diet do significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, recycling is the only action a majority of Republicans (61%) feel would have a large or moderate effect on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

(Ipsos USA)

15 December 2022

4.14 Society » Environment

(Top)

773-15 At Least Four-In-Ten US Adults Have Faced High Levels Of Psychological Distress During Covid-19 Pandemic (Click for Details)

(USA) At least four-in-ten U.S. adults (41%) have experienced high levels of psychological distress at least once since the early stages of the coronavirus outbreak, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis that examines survey responses from the same Americans over time. Experiences of high psychological distress are especially widespread among young adults. A 58% majority of those ages 18 to 29 have experienced high levels of psychological distress at least once across four Center surveys conducted between March 2020 and September 2022.

(PEW)

DECEMBER 12, 2022

4.11 Society » Health

(Top)

773-16 Striking Findings From 2022 (Click for Details)

(USA) Pew Research Center’s surveys have shed light on public opinion around some of the biggest news events of 2022 – from Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine to the overturning of Roe v. Wade to Americans’ experiences with extreme weather events. Today, roughly four-in-ten Americans (41%) say none of their purchases in a typical week are paid for using cash, a July survey found. This is up from 29% in 2018 and 24% in 2015. Meanwhile, the portion of Americans who say that all or almost all of their purchases are paid for with cash in a typical week has declined from 24% in 2015 to 18% in 2018 to 14% today.

(PEW)

DECEMBER 13, 2022

4.6 Society » Media

(Top)

773-17 Supply Chain Crunch Provides New Perspective For Canadians On Marine Shipping (Click for Details)

 Supply chain crunch provides new perspective for Canadians on marine shipping (Canada) New data from the non-profit Angus Reid Institute, in partnership with Clear Seas Centre for Responsible Marine Shipping, finds a growing proportion of Canadians saying marine shipping is “very” or “critically” important to their day-to-day-life – and a shrinking proportion who believe it not to be important at all. As recently as 2020, two-in-five (39%) Canadians said the shipping industry was not important to their daily life, with one-in-five (22%) believing the opposite. Now, one-quarter (26%) believe shipping to be non-essential to their day-to-day life; one-third (34%) disagree and believe it to be “critically” or “very” important.

(Angus Reid Institute)

December 13, 2022

3.2 Economy » Consumer Confidence

(Top)

*   AUSTRALIA

773-18 Roy Morgan Consumer Confidence Virtually Unchanged At 82.9 Despite Eighth Straight Interest Rate Increase (Click for Details)

(Australia) ANZ-Roy Morgan Consumer Confidence was virtually unchanged at 82.9 this week and is now a large 25.1pts below the same week a year ago, December 11/12, 2021 (108.0). In addition, Consumer Confidence is now 5.9pts below the 2022 weekly average of 88.8. Although Consumer Confidence was virtually unchanged this week the measure was up slightly in New South Wales, Western Australia and South Australia but down in Victoria and Queensland. Now 21% of Australians (unchanged) say their families are ‘better off’ financially than this time last year compared to 45% (down 2ppts) that say their families are ‘worse off’ financially.

(Roy Morgan)

December 13, 2022

3.2 Economy » Consumer Confidence

(Top)

*   MULTICOUNTRY STUDIES

773-19 One In Three People In Europe Has Difficulty Meeting Essential Expenses, In 7 European Countries (Click for Details)

 Across Europe, inflation and the energy crisis are driving up prices. YouGov's inflation tracker, which has been surveying attitudes towards life situations and politics in the following seven European countries on a monthly basis since September 2022, shows how Europeans are coping with price increases: Germany, France, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Sweden and Denmark. About a third (32 percent) of the Europeans surveyed stated in November that they were barely or not at all able to cover the necessary expenses such as food or heating costs. Almost a quarter (23 percent) of Germans state that they have mostly or always had difficulties. In Great Britain (15 percent), Denmark (13 percent), Sweden (15 percent) and Spain (14 percent), this applies to significantly fewer people.

(YouGov Germany)

December 13, 2022

3.4 Economy » Inflation

(Top)

773-20 Who In Africa Is Connected And Who Is Not, Survey Across 34 African Countries (Click for Details)

 Coverage by a cell network is widespread on the continent: 87% of enumeration areas (EAs) visited by Afrobarometer fieldwork teams have coverage. o Coverage averages 90% in non-LDC countries, but even in LDCs, coverage is only modestly lower at 84%. o Mauritius, Morocco, and Botswana boast nearly universal coverage (99%), and eight other countries record levels of 95% or above. o Where coverage is more limited, it is usually rural areas that are left behind, with coverage averaging just 80%, compared to 95% in urban areas.

(Afrobarometer)

14 December 2022

3.12 Economy » IT & Telecom

(Top)

773-21 People Across 36 Countries Place Fault For The Cost Of Living At The Feet Of Politicians, But Also Realize There Are Larger Factors At Play (Click for Details)

Online polling via Ipsos’ Global Advisor from Oct. 21 – Nov. 14 for the latest Ipsos Global Inflation Monitor finds almost three in four (74%), on average globally, believed “the state of the global economy,” followed by the invasion of Ukraine (70%) are contributing to inflation. And just over two in three (68%), on average, across 36 countries said both the interest rate level in their country and the policies of their national government are contributing a fair amount/great deal to the rising cost of living.

(Ipsos USA)

18 December 2022

3.4 Economy » Inflation

(Top)

 

TOPIC OF THE WEEK

Economic Hardship Compels Europeans To Change Lifestyle

uThis page is devoted to opinions of countries whose polling activity is generally not known very widely or where a recent topical issue requires special attention.

 Economic Hardship Compels Europeans To Change Lifestyle

 Six in ten are reducing their heating usage, despite recent cold weather |  YouGov

1 - Six In Ten Are Reducing Their Heating Usage, Despite Recent Cold Weather

Half of the population are wearing more layers or using blankets to avoid high energy costs while 13% are still not using heating at all 

With temperatures dropping in many parts of the UK over the past week, YouGov has looked into ways people are attempting to reduce their energy costs by cutting back on heating usage. 

Similarly to when we asked in October, three quarters (73%) of the public are cutting back on the amount of gas and electric they use at home, with six in ten (63%) reducing their heating usage specifically.  

When looking specifically at those who are ‘struggling financially’ – Britons who describe themselves as struggling, or unable, to afford their everyday costs – the share of people cutting back on heating usage rises to eight in ten (79%). 

The most common ways the public are trying to reduce heating usage include wearing more layers or using blankets (52%), reducing the temperature on the thermostat (42%) or reducing the time they have the heating on (42%). People are also being cautious about heating individual rooms, with a third (34%) making sure they are closing doors to keep heat in a certain room and one in five (20%) using fewer rooms in their home. The number of people taking these steps have all increased since October.  

Despite temperatures dropping below zero in many areas of the country, 13% of Britons say they are not using their heating at all. This is down from 25% back in October when temperatures were a lot milder. Amongst those struggling financially, a quarter (26%) are currently still not using heating at all, down from 44% two months ago.  

(YouGov UK)

December 14, 2022

Source: https://yougov.co.uk/topics/economy/articles-reports/2022/12/14/six-ten-are-reducing-their-heating-usage-despite-r

 

2 - 1 In 3 Dutch People Cut Back On Groceries

More than 1 in 3 Dutch people cut back on groceries. We especially find offers interesting. We also switch from A-brand to private label and to cheap basic products to save money. A positive side effect of budget cuts is that we leave sweets and cakes more often. All this yields money and a good feeling.

 

The rising prices of groceries and other fixed costs areputting the Dutch in their pockets. The reaction to this is visible: the Dutch consumer keeps his hand on the cut. For example,the five Dutch people pay attention to the expenditure, whereby this is really necessary for one third to be able to make ends meet. The Dutch are cutting back in different ways. This way, athird saves on groceries. This is evident from representative online research by Motivaction among 1,020 Dutch people, conducted in October 2022.

 

Consumers go for cheaper and replace A-brands for private labels

How does Dutch consumers tackle austerity? Consumers are opting for cheaper products in large numbers. For example, eand a quarter of consumers buy fewer products from A-brands. Eand larger group – a third of consumers – mainly buys more private label products. The second way to cut back is to cook more yourself. Eand a quarter of consumers dive into the kitchen more often and are less likely to use convenience products and ready-made products. Thirdly, we see a slight decrease in the purchase of organic products, sustainable products and local products. Finally, there is one way of cutting back that everyone knows and that 34% also actively use: offers.

 

Consumers cut back on unhealthy food and pull the cutting board out of the closet more often

Although in the winter months the supermarkets are full of goodies, from wreaths for the tree to chocolate milk with whipped cream, a fifth of consumers are cutting back on unhealthy food this year. We mainly cut back on sweets and cakes. But ohok the ready meals, frozen pizzas and other frozen meals latand we stand more often. At the same time, there is an increase in the often cheaper, healthy options such as fresh, uncutn vegetables, dry pasta and frozenvegetablesn.

 

Saving money and feeling good

Dutch and saving is a well-known combination. We go to the drugstore for promotions such as 2 for the price of 1, we drive to the neighboring countries for cheaper beer and gasoline and on the groceries weet 71% of the Dutch how they can best save. Besparen provides financialbenefit, but that is not the only thing. For example, 64% of consumers get a good feeling from this. To save money, just under half of consumers visit several supermarkets every week. In addition, a third of consumers go to a supermarket with lower prices in order to score the best deals. 

(Motivaction Insights and Strategy)

12 December 2022

Source: https://www.motivaction.nl/kennisplatform/nieuws-en-persberichten/nederland-bezuinigt-op-boodschappen-voorkeur-voor-huismerken-en-goedkope-basisproducten-neemt-toe

 

3 - One In Three People In Europe Has Difficulty Meeting Essential Expenses, In 7 European Countries

The current inflation tracker: YouGov monthly data on inflation and cost of living in seven European countries since September 2022

Across Europe, inflation and the energy crisis are driving up prices. YouGov's inflation tracker, which has been surveying attitudes towards life situations and politics in the following seven European countries on a monthly basis since September 2022, shows how Europeans are coping with price increases: Germany, France, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Sweden and Denmark.

About a third (32 percent) of the Europeans surveyed stated in November that they were barely or not at all able to cover the necessary expenses such as food or heating costs. If you ask more precisely whether there have been difficulties buying groceries in the last three months, for example, almost a quarter (23 percent) of Germans state that they have mostly or always had difficulties. In Great Britain (15 percent), Denmark (13 percent), Sweden (15 percent) and Spain (14 percent), this applies to significantly fewer people. In France (28 percent) and Italy (30 percent), on the other hand, more people had difficulties. In Italy, respondents are also particularly likely to find it difficult to pay their rent: four out of ten (40 percent) Italians say they have difficulties here at least occasionally. In the other countries surveyed, a quarter (26 percent) make this statement.

Difficulties in being able to afford rent, food, etc.

 

Against the backdrop of rising living costs, six out of ten (62 percent) of respondents in these seven countries have already made cuts in their usual spending. Respondents from France (67 percent), Spain (66 percent) and Italy (68 percent) had to make cuts slightly more frequently, while Germany (59 percent) is slightly below average with Denmark (59 percent) and Sweden (55 percent). An even larger proportion of Europeans surveyed expect to make (further) cuts. A good two-thirds (67 percent) of Germans expect to make (further) cuts in their spending. This puts Germany in the European midfield. In France (78 percent) and the UK (72 percent), concerns about further restrictions are particularly high. Denmark (48 percent) has by far the lowest prospects for restrictions.

Restrictions on everyday spending

 

Mostly major criticism of governments in dealing with increased cost of living

Although the respective governments in the countries surveyed have launched corresponding programmes to support households and businesses, criticism of national governments is high. In Germany, about three-quarters of respondents (74 percent) express criticism and say that the government is dealing poorly with the cost of living. In particular, respondents from the eastern German states are critical of the government's handling of the crisis (77 percent, compared to 73 percent of respondents from the western states).

Compared to previous months, however, there was a slight improvement in Germany in November: 78 percent expressed their dissatisfaction with the government in September and 76 percent in October. The reasons for the slight improvement in the values could be the various measures adopted by the government – such as emergency aid through one-off payments for gas and district heating customers or the adjustment of the tax system to high inflation.

Dissatisfaction with the government is high

 

But criticism of the government is also high in the other countries surveyed in the inflation tracker. Given the current financial crisis in the UK, it is hardly surprising that four out of five respondents (80 percent) say the government is rather poor when it comes to the cost of living. This is also reflected in Prime Minister Rishi Sunak's steadily declining approval ratings since taking office in October 2022 and during his previous role as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Moreover, only 2 percent of respondents believe there will be an economic boom in the UK in a year's time, while 70 percent think the country will be in recession or depression in 12 months.

In Spain (73 percent) and France (69 percent), the majority of respondents also say the government is dealing badly with the issue. The Danes are the least critical: In comparison, only 52 percent of respondents express criticism, while a third (34 percent) state that the government is (rather) dealing well with the cost of living.

Since September, satisfaction with government regarding the cost of living in Italy has risen

The biggest change compared to previous months can be observed in Italy. Since the new head of government Giorgia Meloni, leader of the far-right Fratelli d'Italia, took office, criticism of the government regarding the inflation crisis has decreased. While in September 82 percent said the government was dealing badly with the situation, in October it was 74 percent and in November only 62 percent. One in five respondents in Italy currently rates the government's handling of the cost of living as (rather) good (22 percent). After the surprising fall of Prime Minister Mario Draghi in July, the upward trend in government assessments could, among other things, be an expression of relief over stable government relations. In view of the rising costs, Meloni had announced at the beginning of November that it would take on further government debt to financially support families and companies. Furthermore, the Italian government plans to develop new natural gas deposits.

(YouGov Germany)

December 13, 2022

Source: https://yougov.de/topics/economy/articles-reports/2022/12/13/jeder-dritte-europa-hat-schwierigkeiten-lebensnotw

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GILANI-GALLOPEDIA GLOBALITY INDEX:

u The purpose of this index is to treat the Global Coverage by each issue of Gallopedia in terms of Population, National Income and estimated Power measured by G20 Membership.

 

*      GILANI-GALLOPEDIA GLOBALITY INDEX

 

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*Archives: Gilani’s Gallopedia has been compiled on a weekly basis since January 2007. Previous material is available upon request. Please contact natasha@galluppakistan.com